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Quran
41.16. Da sandten Wir gegen sie einen eiskalten Wind an unheilvollen Tagen, um sie die schändliche Strafe im diesseitigen Leben kosten zu lassen. Aber die Strafe des Jenseits ist wahrlich schändlicher, und es wird ihnen keine Hilfe zuteil werden.
33.52. La yahillu laka alnnisaomin baAAdu wala an tabaddala bihinna min azwadschinwalaw aAAdschabaka husnuhunna illa ma malakatyamiinuka wakana Allahu AAala kulli schay-inraqiiban
33.52. It is not allowed thee to take (other) women henceforth nor that thou shouldst change them for other wives even though their beauty pleased thee, save those whom thy right hand possesseth. And Allah is Watcher over all things. (Pickthall)
33.52. Es sind dir die Frauen hiernach nicht gestattet, und nicht, daß du sie austauschst gegen andere Gattinnen, und wenn ihre Schönheit in dir Bewunderung erweckt, außer denen in deiner Hand, und Allah ist über alles Wärter. (Ahmad v. Denffer)
33.52. Darüber hinaus ist dir weder erlaubt, Frauen zu heiraten noch sie gegen (andere) Gattinnen einzutauschen, auch wenn ihre Schönheit dir gefallen sollte, mit Aus nahme dessen, was deine rechte Hand (an Sklavinnen) besitzt. Und Allah ist Wächter über alles. (Bubenheim)
33.52. Dir ist nicht mehr erlaubt, andere Frauen zu heiraten, auch nicht, eine neue anstelle einer deiner jetzigen Ehefrauen zu nehmen, auch nicht, wenn ihre Schönheit dir gefällt, es sei denn, es sind Leibeigene, die du besitzt. Gott beobachtet alles genau. (Azhar)
33.52. Für dich sind die (anderen) Frauen nicht mehr halal danach, auch nicht, dass du an ihrer Stelle andere Gattinnen nimmst, selbst dann nicht, sollte ihre Schönheit dir gefallen außer denjenigen, die dir gehören. Und ALLAH ist immer über alles aufmerksam. (Zaidan)
33.52. Künftig sind dir keine (weiteren) Frauen (zur Ehe) erlaubt, und (es ist dir) nicht (erlaubt, neue) Frauen gegen Gattinnen (die du bisher gehabt hast) einzutauschen, auch wenn ihre Schönheit dir gefallen sollte (und du sie deshalb gern heiraten würdest), ausgenommen was du (an Sklavinnen) besitzt. Allah wacht über alle Dinge. (Paret)
33.52. Es ist dir nicht erlaubt, künftig (andere) Frauen (zu heiraten), noch sie gegen (andere) Frauen einzutauschen, auch wenn ihre Schönheit dir gefällt; (davon sind) nur die ausgenommen, die du von Rechts wegen besitzt. Und Allah wacht über alle Dinge. (Rasul)
Tafsir von Maududi für die Ayaat 51 bis 52
You are granted the option that you may keep aside any of your wives you please, and keep to yourself any of them you please, and call back any of them you had set aside: there is no blame on you in this regard. Thus, it is expected that their eyes will be cooled and they will not grieve, and they will all remain well satisfied with whatever you give them. ( 91 ) Allah knows whatever is in your hearts, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Forbearing. ( 92 ) No other women are lawful to you after this, nor are you allowed to have other wives instead of them, even if their beauty may be very pleasing to you. ( 93 ) You may, however, have slave-girls. ( 94 ) Allah is Watchful over everything.
Desc No: 91 This verse was meant to relieve the Holy Prophet of the domestic worries and anxieties so that he could carry out his duties with full peace of mind. When Allah clearly gave hire the power and the authority to treat any of his wives as he liked, there remained no chance that those believing ladies would trouble him in any way, or would create complications for him by their mutual rivalries and domestic squabbles. But in spite of having this authority from Allah the Holy Prophet meted out full justice to his wives. He did not prefer one to the other and would visit each of them regularly by turns. Only Abu Razin from among the traditionists has said that the Holy Prophet visited only four of his wives (Hadrat 'A'ishah, Hadrat Hafsah, Hadrat Zainab and Hadrat Umm Salamah) by turns and no turn had been fixed for the other wives. But all other traditionists and commentators contradict this and prove by authentic traditions that even after having this authority the Holy Prophet visited all his wives in turn and treated there alike. Bukhari, Muslim, Nasa'i, Abu Da'ud and others have reported on the authority of Hadrat 'A'ishah that even after the revelation of this verse the Holy Prophet's practice was that whenever he wanted to visit any of us, his wives, on the turn of another wife, he would first ask her permission for it. Abu Bakr al-Jassas relates from 'Urwah bin Zubair that Hadrat 'A'ishah told him, "As to our rants the Holy Prophet never preferred any of us to the other, although it seldom happened that he did not visit all his wives on the same day, but he never touched a wife unless it was her day by turn." And this also is a tradition from Hadrat 'A'ishah that during his last illness when it became difficult for him to move about he asked for his other wives' permission to stay with her, and only on their approval he passed his last days in her apartment. Ibn Abi Hatim has cited this from Imam Zuhri that the Holy Prophet is not known to have deprived any of his wives of her turn. To this Hadrat Saudah only was an exception, who on account of her advanced age had willingly surrendered her turn in favour of Hadrat 'A'ishah Here, nobody should entertain the doubt that Allah had, God forbid, shown an undue privilege to His Prophet and deprived his wives of their rights. As a matter of fact, the great objectives for the sake of which the Holy Prophet had been made an exception to the general rule in respect of the number of wives, also demanded that he should be afforded full peace in domestic life and anything that could cause him distraction and embarrassment should be eradicated. It was a unique honour for the holy wives that they were privileged to be the life-partners of the greatest of all men like the Holy Prophet, and by virtue of this they got the opportunity to become his Companions and helpers in the great task of reform and invitation that was to become the means of true success for mankind till the end of time. Just as the Holy Prophet was offering every kind of sacrifice for the sake of this objective and the Companions also were following his example according to their capabilities, so it was the duty of his wives also to display selflessness in every way. Therefore, all the wives accepted Allah's decision with regard to themselves happily and willingly.
Desc No: 92 This is a warning for the Holy Prophet's wives as well as for all other people. For the wives it is a warning in the sense that if after the coming down of this Divine Command they did not feel reconciled to it in their hearts, they would not escape Allah's punishment. And for others the warning is that if they entertained any kind of suspicion in their hearts in regard to the Holy Prophet's matrimonial life, or harboured any misgiving in any recess of their minds, this would not remain hidden from Allah. Along with this Allah's attribute of forbearance also has been mentioned so that one thay know that although even a thought of insolence in regard to the Prophet is also punishable, yet if a person got rid of such a suspicion he might have the hope of His forgiveness.
Desc No: 93 This has two meanings: (1) `No other woman except those made lawful to you in verse 50 above, is any more lawful to you"; and (2) 'when your wives have become pleased and ready to stay with you through every kind of hardship and have rejected the world in preference to the Hereafter, and are satisfied that you may treat them as you please, it is no longer lawful for you that you should divorce any of them and take another wife instead."
Desc No: 94 This verse explains why one is pemitted to have conjugal relations with one's slave-girls besides the wedded wives, and there is no restriction on their number. The same thing has also been stated in Surah An-Nisa': 3, AI-Mu'minun: b, and AI-Ma'arij: 30. In all these verses the slave-girls have been mentioned as a separate class from the wedded wives, and conjugal relations with them have been permitted. Moreover, verse 3 of Surah An-Nisa' lays down the number of the wives as four, but neither has Allah fixed the number of the slave-girls, in that verse nor made any allusion to their number in the other relevant verses. Here, of course, the Holy Prophet is being addressed and told: "It is no more lawful for you to take other women in marriage, or divorce any of the present wives and take another wife in her stead; slave-girls, however, are lawful." This shows that no restriction has been imposed in respect of the slavegirls. This, however, does not mean that the Divine Law has provided the rich an opportunity to purchase as many slave-girls as they tike for their carnal indulgence. This is in fact how the self-seeking people have exploited and abused tire Law. The Law had been made for the convenience of the people; it had not been made to be abused. One could, for instance, similarly abuse the Law concerning marriage. The Shari'ah permits a man to marry up to four wives and also gives him the right to divorce his wife and take another one. This law had been made in view of man's requirements and needs. Now, if a person, merely for the sake of sensual enjoyment, were to adopt the practice of keeping four wives for a time and then divorcing them to be replaced by another company of them, it would be abusing the provisions of the law, for which the person himself would be responsible and not the Shari`ah. Likewise the Shari'ah has allowed that the women who are captured in war and whose people do not exchange them for Muslim prisoners of war nor ransom them, may be kept as slave-girls, and gave the persons to whom they are assigned by the government the right to have conjugal relations with them so that they do not become a moral hazard for the society. Then, as it was not possible to determine the number of the prisoners of war, legally also it could nor be determined how many slave girls a person could keep at a time. The sale of the slaves and slave-girls was also allowed for the reason that if a slave or a slave-girl could not pull on well with a master, he or she could be transferred to another person so that the same person's permanent ownership did not become a cause of unending torture for both the master and the captive. The Shari`ah made all these laws keeping in view human conditions and requirements for the convenience of men. If these have been made a means of sexual enjoyment and luxury by the rich, it is they who are to blame for this and not the Shari'ah .
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