59.2. Huwa alladhii akhradscha alladhiinakafaruu min ahli alkitabi min diyarihim li-awwalialhaschri madhanantum an yakhrudschuu wadhannuuannahum maniAAatuhum husuunuhum mina Allahifaatahumu Allahu min haythu lam yahtasibuuwaqadhafa fii quluubihimu alrruAAba yukhribuunabuyuutahum bi-aydiihim waaydii almu/miniina faiAAtabiruu yaolii al-absari
59.2. He it is Who hath caused those of the People of the Scripture who disbelieved to go forth from their homes unto the first exile. Ye deemed not that they would go forth, while they deemed that their strongholds would protect them from Allah. But Allah reached them from a place whereof they reckoned not, and cast terror in their hearts so that they ruined their houses with their own hands and the hands of the believers. So learn a lesson, O ye who have eyes! (Pickthall)
59.2. Er ist es, der diejenigen herausgebracht hat, die den Glauben verweigert haben von den Leuten der Schrift, aus ihren Heimstätten, zum erstmaligen Zusammenbringen. Ihr habt nicht angenommen, daß sie herausgehen würden, und sie haben angenommen, daß ihnen ihre Festungen ihr Schutz seien vor Allah, und Allah ist zu ihnen gekommen, von wo sie nie damit gerechnet haben, und Er hat in ihre Herzen den Schrecken geworfen, sie haben ihre Häuser niedergerissen mit ihren Händen und den Händen der Gläubigen, also laßt euch belehren, ihr mit dem Einblick. (Ahmad v. Denffer)
59.2. Er ist es, Der diejenigen von den Leuten der Schrift, die ungläubig sind, aus ihren Wohnstätten zur ersten Versammlung vertrieben hat. Ihr habt nicht geglaubt, daß sie fortziehen würden; und sie meinten, daß ihre Festungen sie vor Allah schützten. Da kam Allah über sie, von wo sie nicht (damit) rechneten, und jagte in ihre Herzen Schrecken, so daß sie ihre Häuser mit ihren (eigenen) Händen und den Händen der Gläubigen zerstörten. Darum zieht die Lehre daraus, o die ihr Einsicht besitzt. (Bubenheim)
59.2. Er ist es, Der die Ungläubigen unter den Schriftbesitzern (die Banu an-Nadîr) ihrer Häuser verwies und zur ersten Versammlung führte. Ihr hattet nicht gedacht, dass sie der Stadt verwiesen werden könnten, und sie meinten, dass ihre Festungen sie gegen Gott schützen würden. Aber Gott kam über sie, als sie nicht damit rechneten und jagte ihren Herzen Schrecken ein. Sie verwüsteten ihre Häuser mit eigenen Händen und den Händen der Gläubigen. Zieht die Lehre daraus, ihr Einsichtigen! (Azhar)
59.2. ER ist Derjenige, Der diejenigen von den Schriftbesitzern, die Kufr betrieben haben, von ihren Wohnstätten zur ersten Vertreibung heraustreiben ließ. Ihr dachtet nicht, dass sie herauskommen werden, und sie dachten, dass ihre Burgen sie vor ALLAH schützen würden. Dann kam ALLAH zu ihnen von da, womit sie nicht rechneten, und warf in ihre Herzen den Schrecken. Sie zerstörten ihre Häuser mit ihren eigenen Händen und den Händen der Mumin. So zieht (daraus) eine Lehre, ihr mit Einblick! (Zaidan)
59.2. Er ist es, der diejenigen von den Leuten der Schrift, die ungläubig sind, aus ihren Wohnungen vertrieben hat, zur ersten (diesseitigen) Versammlung (an den Ort ihrer Verbannung) (li-auwali l-haschri). Ihr glaubtet nicht, daß sie wegziehen würden. Und sie meinten, ihre Befestigungen (husuun) würden sie vor Allah schützen. Da kam Allah (mit seiner Gewalt) über sie, ohne daß sie damit rechneten, und jagte ihnen Schrecken ein, worauf sie eigenhändig und mit den Händen der Gläubigen ihre Häuser zerstörten. Denkt (darüber) nach, (ihr alle) die ihr Einsicht habt! (Paret)
59.2. Er ist es, Der diejenigen vom Volke der Schrift, die ungläubig waren, aus ihren Heimstätten zur ersten Versammlung austrieb. Ihr glaubtet nicht, daß sie hinausziehen würden, und sie dachten, daß ihre Burgen sie gegen Allah schützen würden. Doch Allah kam von (dort) über sie, woher sie es nicht erwarteten, und warf Schrecken in ihre Herzen, so daß sie ihre Häuser mit ihren eigenen Händen und den Händen der Gläubigen zerstörten. So zieht eine Lehre daraus, o die ihr Einsicht habt! (Rasul)
Tafsir von Maududi für die Ayaat 1 bis 2
All that there is in the heavens and the earth has glorified only Allah, for He alone is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise ( 1 ) . He it is Who drove the disbelievers from among the people of the Book out of their houses ( 2 ) .at the very first assault. ( 3 ) You did not think that they would ever go out, and they too on their part were thinking that their fortresses would protect them from Allah, ( 4 ) but Allah came upon them whence they had little expected. ( 5 ) He cast terror into their hearts with the result that they were destroying their dwellings by their own hands as well as by the hands of the believers. ( 6 ) So, take heed, O you who have eyes to see! ( 7 )
Desc No: 1 For explanation, see E.N.'s 1, 2 of Surah AI-Hadid. The object of this introductory sentence before making an appraisal of the banishment of the Ban; an-Nadir is to prepare the mind to understand the truth that the fate this powerful tribe met was not the result of the power of the Muslims but a manifestation of the power of Allah.
Desc No: 2 Here, the reader should understand one thing at the outset so as to avoid any confusion about the banishment of the Bani an-Nadir. The Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace) had concluded a formal written treaty with the Bani an-Nadir. They had not broken this agreement as such that it should have become void But the reason why they were attacked was that after making different kinds of minor violations of it, they at last committed such an offence which amounted to the breach of trust. That'is, they plotted to kill the leader of the other party to the treaty, i. e. the Islamic State of Madinah. The plot became exposed, and when the were accused of breaking the agreement they could not deny it Thereupon, the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace) told them either to leave Madinah or to be ready for a war. This notice was in accordance with this injunction of the Qur'an: "If you ever fear treachery from any people, throw their treaty openly before them. " (AI-Anfal: 58) That is why Allah is describing their exile as His own action, for it was precisely in accordance with Divine Law. In other words, they were not expelled by the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace) and the Muslims but by Allah Himself. The other reason why Allah has described their exile as His own action, has been stated in the following verses.
Desc No: 3 The word hashr in the Text means to gather the scattered individuals to gether or to take out scattered individuals after mustering them together. Thus, the words li-awwal-il-hashr mean: with the first hashr or on the occasion of the first hashr. As for the question, what is implied by the first hashr here, the commentators have disputed it. According to one group it implies the banishment of the Bani an-Nadir from Madinah, and this has been described as their first hashr in the sense that their second hashr took place in the time of Hadrat `Umar, when the Jews and the Christians were expelled from the Arabian peninsula, and the final hashr will take place on the Day of Resurrection. According to the second group it implies the gathering of the Muslim army together to fight the Bani an-Nadir; and li-awwal-il-hashr means that as soon as the Muslims had gathered together to fight them, and no blood yet had been shed, they, by the manifestation of Allah's power, offered to be banished from Madinah of their own accord. In other words, these words have been used here in the meaning of "at the very first assault". Shah Waliullah has translated it "at the first gathering of the army". Shah 'Abdul Qadir has translated it "at the first mustering." In our opinion this translation very nearly gives the meaning of these words.
Desc No: 4 To understand this one should keep in mind the fact that the Bani anNadir had been well established here for centuries. They lived in compact populations outside Madinah without any lien element. Their settlement was well fortified, which had fortified houses as are generally built in feud-ridden tribal areas. Then heir numerical strength also equalled that of the Muslims, and inside Madinah itself many of the hypocrites were their supporters..Therefore, the. Muslims could never expect that they would, even without fighting, be so unnerved by the siege as to leave their homes willingly. likewise, the Bani an-Nadir also could not have imagined that some power would compel them to leave their homes within six days, Although the Bani Qainuqa' had been expelled before them, and their false pride of valour had proved to be of no avail, they lived in a locality inside Madinah and did not have any separate fortified settlement; therefore, the Bani an-Nadir thought that their inability to withstand the Muslims was not exceptionable, Contrary to this, in view of their own fortified settlement and strongholds they could not imagine that some power could turn them out so easily. That is why when the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace) served a notice on them to leave Madinah within ten days, they boldly retorted, saying: We are not going to quit: you may do whatever you please."
Here, the question arises: On what basis has Allah said: 'They were thinking that their fortresses would save them from Allah'. Did the Bani an-Nadir really know that they were not facing Muhammad bin `Abdullah (upon whom be Allah's peace) but Allah? And did they, in spite of knowing this, think that their fortresses would save them from Allah? .This is a question which would confound every such person who dces not know the psychology of the Jewish people and their centuries-old traditions. As regards the common men, no one can imagine that despite their knowing consciously that they were facing Allaf, they would Entertain the false hope that their forts and weapons would save them from Allah. Therefore, an ignorant person would interpret the Divine Word, saying that the Bani an-Nadir in view of the strength of their forts were apparently involved in the misunderstanding that they would remain safe from the Holy Prophet's attack, but in reality they were fighting Allah and from Him their forts could not save them. But the fact is that the Jews in this world are a strange people, who have been knowingly fighting Allah: they killed the Prophets of Allah knowing them to be His Prophets, and they declared boastfully and arrogantly that they had killed the Prophets of Allah. Their traditions say that their great Patriarch, the prophet Jacob, wrestled with Allah throughout the night and Allah could not throw him even till daybreak. .Then, when at daybreak Allah asked Jacob to let Him go, Jacob replied that he would not let Him go until He blessed him. Allah asked him his name, and he answer `Jacob Allah said that his name would no longer be Jacob, but Israel, "because you strove with God and with men, and prevailed." (See Gen. 32: 25-29 in the latest Jewish translation; The Scriptures Scriptures, published by the Jewish Publication Society of America 1954). In the Christian translation of the Bible too this subject has been rendered likewise. In the footnote of the Jewish translation, "Israel" has been explained as: He who striveth with God. " In the Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature the meaning given of Israel" by the Christian scholars is: "Wrestler with God." Then in Hosea (O.T.) the Prophet Jacob has been praised thus: "By his strength he had power with God: yea, he had power over the angel, and prevailed. " (Ch. 12: 3-4). Now, obviously, the people of Israel are the children of the same Prophet Israel who, according to their faith, had striven with God and wrestled with Him. For them it is not at all difficult that they should stand firm and fight even God. On this very basis, they, even according to their own profession, killed the Prophets of God, and under the same false pride they put the Prophet Jesus on the cross and bragged: "We have killed Jesus Christ, son of Mary, Messenger of Allah. " Therefore, it was not against their traditions that they fought Muhammad (upon whom be Allah's peace) despite their knowledge that he was Allah's Messenger. If not their common people, their rabbis and learned men knew full well that he was the Messenger of Allah. The Qur'an itself contains several evidences to this effect. (For instance, see E:N.'s 79, 95 of Al-Baqarah, E.N.'s 190, 191 of An-Nisa, E.N.'s 70, 73 of As-Saaffat).
Desc No: 5 Allah's coming down upon them does not mean that Allah was staying in another place whence He attacked them. But this i9 a metaphoric expression. The object is to give the idea that while facing Allah they were thinking that Allah could chastise them only by bringing an army against them from the front and they were confident that they would resist that force by their fortifications, But Allah attacked them from whence they had not thought it possible; and this was that He made than weak and broke their power of resistance from within after which neither their weapons nor their strongholds could help them.
Desc No: 6 That is, öThe destruction occurred in two ways: from outside the Muslims besieged them and started demolishing their fortifications, and from within, first they raised obstacles of stone and wood to stop the Muslims from advancing, and for this purpose broke their own houses for the material; then, when they became certain that they would have to vacate the place, they started pulling down their houses, which they had so fondly built and decorated, with their own hands, so as to render them useless for the Muslims Later, when they settled peace with the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace) on the condition that they would be spared their lives but would havc the permission to carry away whatever they could, except the weapons and armour, they started removing the frames of the doors and windows, even pegs; so much so that some people removed the beams and wooden ceilings, which they put upon the back of their camels and left."
Desc No: 7 There arc many lessons which one can learn from this event, which have been alluded to in this brief but eloquent sentence These Jews were none other but the followers of the former Prophets: they believed in God, in the Book, in the former Prophets and the Hereafter. Accordingly, they were the former Muslims. But when they turned their back on religion and morality and adopted open hostility to the truth only for the sake of their selfish desires and worldly motives and interests, and showed scant regard for their treaties and agreements, Allah's grace was turned away from them, otherwise Allah had no personal enmity with than. Therefore, first of all, the Muslims themselves havc been admonished to heed their fate and Learn a lesson from it, lest they too should start behaving as if they were the beloved children of God, as the Jews did, and should be involved in the misunderstanding that their being included among the followers of the Last Prophet of God would by itself guarantee for them Allah's bounty and His support, apart from which they were not bound to adhere to any demand of religion and morality. Besides, those people of the world also havc been asked to learn a lesson from this event, who oppose the truth consciously, and then place reliance upon their wealth and power, their means and resources, thinking that these would save them from the Divine punishment. The Jews of Madinah were not unaware that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings) had not risen for the supremacy of a people or tribe, but he was presenting an ideological invitation the addressees of which were all men, and every man, no matter what race or country he belonged to, could join his Ummah by accepting the invitation, without discrimination or distinction. They were themselves witnessing that Bilal of Habash, Suhaib of Rome, and Salman of Persia enjoyed the same position and status in the Muslim community as was enjoyed by the people of the Holy Prophet's own house. Therefore, they were not feeling any danger that the Quraish and the Aus and the Khazrij would gain an upper hand over them. Nor were they unaware that the ideological invitation that he was presenting was precisely the same as their own Prophets had been presenting. The Holy Prophet never put forward the claim that he had come with a new religion, unknown to the people, and that the people should give up their former religion and accept his religion ' instead. But what he claimed was that the religion being presented by him was the same that the Prophets of God had been preaching and presenting since the beginning of creation. And from their Torah they could themselves confirm that it was actually the same religion, the principles of which were not any different from the principles of the religion of the Prophets. On the same basis they were told in the Qur'an: Affirm faith in the teaching sent down by Me, which confirms the teaching that you already possess, and you should not be its first deniers." They were also witnessing what character and morals the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace) possessed, and what revolution had taken place in the lives of those who had accepted his message. For a long time the Ansar of Madinah had been their closest neighbours. They knew what kind of people they had been before embracing Islam and what they became after their conversion to Islam. Thus, they were well aware of the invitation, of the inviter and of the results of accepting the invitation. But in spite of witnessing and knowing all this, only on account of their racial prejudice and worldly interests, they expended all their energy against the message of truth about which there was no room for doubt at least in their minds. After such an obvious and open hostility to the trnth they expected that their strongholds would save them from Allah, whereas the whole human history bears evidence that the one who is resisted by the power of God, cannot save and protect himself by any weapon, means or device. "
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